In this case, as mentionned before, Dowd touched Askarov's shoulder and then his blocker. If you've ever played as a goalie, you know this is enough to put you off balance and impedes your movement and thus ability to make a save. This isn't just a simple "touch" with no consequence.
There can be a grey area for sure in some situations, as I mentioned before, but I don't see that one as being one. The league has actually been somewhat consistent in that any contact (that could be deemed GI under the scope of the GI rule) that can be "felt" by the goalie will be deemed as having impaired the goalie.
One other thing that I mentionned with minor penalties is also that 1) they're called in real time and cannot be reviewed, so refs ARE going to miss a lot, and 2) it is pretty much evident that referees partake in game management with regards to minor penalties, and willingly let some things go and/or make "weak calls" depending on the score to balance out penalties, regardless of their legality.