Technically SKA like any team indeed operates on a limited budget, but if for whatever reason they will want to increase it like as many times as they'll want they will get the money. No idea how the cycling team worked, but I suspect their manager's last name was not Rotenberg. Gazprom is at least the majority shareholder if not the full owner, as I never heard about any other shareholders there. And as for the revenues, in the KHL it is good to get some, but it is considered as a very secondary source of money.
Torpedo is mostly owned by the region's administration, GAZ is the minority owner/main sponsor and yes, they actually are a small fish in the hockey world, since Torpedo is always around the salary floor.