This should also theoretically give players more of a say in what happens to their bodies, however, this is not the case given that players cannot opt to have another course of treatment instead. While it may provide teams the opportunity to stop players from receiving unproven or unscientific treatments, it does not give players the agency to choose what happens to their own bodies. Sports is one of the only fields in the world where management has this level of involvement in their employees’ bodily choices.
If players were able to take their second opinion back to their team’s doctor for medical review, and should that doctor disagree, then take that ruling to a third independent medical professional to issue a binding ruling that one be one thing, but the fact that players cannot make choices for their bodies enters an ethical grey zone.
Teams also worry about the short-term impacts on their players while they are able to play, and may not worry as much about the long-term concerns post-playing career. However, players have to think about what happens to them following their time in hockey. Nobody wants to struggle down the road when they want to just enjoy their retirement but are languishing in pain from short-term medical thinking earlier in their career.
Team doctors are also not independent entities. They are paid by the teams, not the players, and as such have an implicit bias to follow the will and direction of the team’s management when making decisions. And while doctors have a duty to do no harm when engaged in a doctor-patient relationship, a
2016 study by Harvard University found this to be an issue in the NFL, where they called the relationship between team doctors, management and player wellness to be a “undeniable conflict of interest”. This study recommended that team doctors be jointly paid by both the players and the team so as to avoid this conflict. As well, it recommended that perhaps there should be a doctor to advise players as well as a separate doctor paid by the team to monitor player health for management. While this was a study at the NFL level, the findings absolutely beg the question as to whether athletes in other sports face similar issues.