Here is a more recent paper.
Return-to-Play Outcomes of Athletes After Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
O'Connor SB, Holmberg KJ, Hammarstedt JE, Acosta JR, Monahan K, Sauber RD, Altman DT. Return-to-Play Outcomes of Athletes After Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2023 May;16(5):192-200. doi: 10.1007/s12178-023-09829-z. Epub 2023 Mar 31. PMID: 36997833; PMCID: PMC10188705.
The short version: it matters which procedure injured players undergo. It's possible, even likely, that recent surgeries result in better outcomes. Some highlights:
Hockey
Schroeder et al. ... However, it was noted that players who underwent a lumbar fusion successfully returned to play 100% (8 of 8) of the time for an average of 203 games over a 4-year period, which may represent and entirely different cohort than what we are trying to understand in the scope of this study. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the number of games played per season before and after a lumbar fusion [
29].
Although a small sample size in the lumbar fusion group makes it difficult to draw conclusions, these findings suggest that a single-level lumbar fusion does not define a career-ending surgery for elite hockey players as previously suggested [
30].
...
Yamaya et al. examined the outcomes of transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) in high school athletes suffering from LDH and found even higher RTP rates of 94.4% an average of 7 weeks after surgery [32]. While this procedure did allow for high RTP rates and short recovery times, there are some barriers in selecting this intervention. Surgeons must be trained to perform transforaminal PELD without causing complications such as exiting nerve root injury. Additionally, long-term prognosis and possibility of symptom recurrence are not yet as thoroughly understood as more traditional methods like LD.
Hockey
Schroeder et al. ...
This finding is different from what was previously seen in NFL and NBA players who generally have preserved athletic performance after treatment for LDH. However, of the 8 players who underwent lumbar fusion for treatment of their LDH, these findings were not the case. Players treated with lumbar fusion had no significant difference in performance score after treatment, and instead had a significant increase in points per game postoperatively [
29]. Although the sample size was small, these findings demonstrate potential for players at this elite level to successfully continue their preinjury level of sport.