Obviously government entities are in a different category but we will see how the FTC's ruling in April impacts them. the recommendation is to bar all non competes at least in everything I have read.There are a bunch of Ethics laws that prevent government workers in certain roles from going to work for companies which have government contracts which may be a conflict of interest (which in my experience only apply to those who don't have the big connections the contractors are looking for). Those are enforceable. But in general, if they ain't paying you, they can't tell you where you can or cannot work. Period.
I was really surprised that broadcasting was on the list in MA. I never thought there were any exceptions.