Just to add to this, I remember a good example of such a scenario being "I, Borg"
Picard is totally on board with using Hugh as a weapon to crush the Borg collective. He basically orders Geordi and Data to figure out how to do it. He even refuses to meet with Hugh after Geordi starts having second thoughts, passing it off as having no interest in confronting a thing like a borg drone. Dr. Crusher tells him the idea is horrifying but he persists. It takes Guinan, someone who lost the vast majority of her race to the Borg but still managed to get over her own grief well enough to see that Hugh was just as much a victim as any of her people were, arguing in favor of Hugh to make Picard realize he's acting out of fear and hatred for what happened to him, meet and interact with Hugh, and comprehend the horror of what he was suggesting be done. So over the course of the episode he does a total 180 when he has his moral compass challenged. And then when it comes time for Admiral Necheyev to show up, chew him out over the decision, and order him to take it if another opportunity ever arises, he can, from a strong foundation of his past experience, tell her to shove it.
That as a beautiful of a character arc and moral dilemma presentation as you can hope for. But you don't get that in Discovery. Instead Burnham is right all along and we should just accept it.
Meanwhile Burnham mutinies and gets her captain killed and I never really felt like she wrestled with that. She takes her sentencing by Starfleet in stride and accepts it, but when confronted on why she chose to mutiny in the first place, she halfway blames the Vulcans for teaching her to be coldly logical (which doesn't track since logic wouldn't necessarily dictate automatically continuing a war with the Klingons if there's a chance for peace), halfway blames it on the emotional damage of the Klingons killing her parents (which is at least a reasonable explanation, though when answering her court martial she doesn't really use that to shield herself as much as an "I did what I thought was right" defence that sounds like it doubles as taking the 'noble act of falling on one's sword' approach) and then instead of being tortured by the realization that maybe she's not in the right headspace to make good decisions, she just sort of falls right back into a position where she can moralize and lecture and pronounce, only now she ends up being right. Reasonably it would've been better if the discovery that Tyler was Voq was more visceral for her, had she faced the decision about destroying the Klingon homeworld as the central, conflicted character instead of as the preachy "it's wrong" one. Make Saru the advocate for staying their hand and have her have to come to grips with her history, her guilt over Georgiou's death, Tyler/Voq, and everything else in making the decision. Have her hate herself for having made the right choice. Pay off everything that happened with her character in that moment.
But they don't. Her moral reckoning all but happens off-screen and she continues on her merry way for the entire season being the "better person" only with the backing of actually being on the right side of the writing's moral judgement. All she struggles with instead is a lack of confidence in her abilities. More "can you trust me to make the correct decision?" than "can I make the right decision."
It's disappointing. I guess moral dilemmas would undermine her marysue-ness.