To have Sheldon for example go from 0 understanding of sarcasm to making jokes, and to go from 0 emotion to showing emotion is huge growth for that character. Raj to go from not being able to talk to girls unless drunk to talking to girls is growth. Howard even though I don't like it, to go from unreasonable expectations towards women to getting married is growth. Leonard is the only one who really has shown no growth other than landing Penny. How is the growth shown in this show between its characters any different than say HIMYM ? I can't compare to the shows you mentioned because I have not watched all of their episodes.
The "progression" you refer to wasn't exactly progression: it was more like sudden character shift. It was the writers re-writing the characters to fit the storyline rather than help them adapt to it.
Take Amy Farrah Fowler: she's introduced as essentially Sheldon in girl form. Two episodes later, she's giggling and calling Penny her bestie.
Raj being able to act like a normal human being only because they went to the "needs to get drunk" well one too many times is not growth.
Howard... yeah, I'll give you Howard. His progression was fairly well done. Ditto with Bernadette, although the whole "just like Howard's mother" thing was a stretch.
And Penny? She went from an aspiring actress working at the Cheesecake Factory to... oh. Hm. Well, at least she's not shallow anymore... oh. Well, she, uh... cut her hair one or more times?
As for Sheldon, he's the least progressed of them all. His character is an idealized character whose perfection is irritating. He's a genius know-it-all who shoves his intellect in everyone's face. He's able to maintain a girlfriend despite never showing significant affection or particular interest. He frequently upstages everyone by his mere presence. All he does is get himself into awkward, uncomfortable or unfamiliar situations then plays it off with a Bazinga or a poorly-timed scientific reference. And everyone laughs because hahah, oh Sheldon, what a zany kook.
Seriously. Tell me calling a cat "zazzy" fits in with his persona even one iota. His personality, if you want to call it that, is constantly being changed and adapted just for laughs. Which is fine. But character development it is not.