I don't have any experience with recent Thinkpads or ARM-based Surface devices, but I'll try to help, anyways.
Intel claimed that the stability issues with 13th and 14th gen processors don't affect laptops, but I don't know if anyone has verified or contradicted that.
I wouldn't rule out Dell. They make excellent laptops, at least their XPS (premium consumer/business) and Latitude (business) lines. I have a Latitude and love it. It's very well built. You might just want to stay away from their Inspiron line, which is their cheaper consumer line. In general, if build quality is important, you want to avoid laptops that use a lot of plastic instead of aluminum. Dell XPS laptops and some (but not all) Latitude laptops are aluminum and I'd feel safe buying those.
BTW, for what it's worth, my Latitude is a 2-in-1, with a 360-degree hinge, and I'm just in love with the form factor. It's so useful to be able to put the display at any angle. Sometimes, I like to sit in bed with my legs up and bend the display back 180 degrees, so that it's in-line with the keyboard. Other times, in bed or on a plane, I'll bend it 300 degrees back and watch movies on it while the keyboard is touching my lap. I love the freedom to contort it however I want and don't think that I can ever go back to a normal laptop. I just thought that I share that in case you hadn't considered a 2-in-1.
Finally, I've read that Intel's new Lunar Lake (or Series 2 Core Ultra) processors have incredible battery life that rivals the Qualcomm chips (without the compatibility/emulation concerns, obviously). I'm not sure if you can actually buy laptops with them yet, but they should be available very soon. You might care to wait for those, if not to pick one up, then because it they may lower the prices of the older laptops that you're looking at.