Triumph of the Will Directed by Leni Riefenstahl
Can great art ever be in service of great evil? Director Leni Riefenstahl's
Triumph of the Will is her documentation of the massive Nuremberg Rally in 1934, a masterpiece of propaganda that depicts the power and the supposed never ending dominance of the so-called thousand year Third Reich and, especially, of its leader Adolph Hitler. I don't see why art is forbidden to be in service to great evil by definition, but it is damn hard to think of an example. Believe me, I've tried and I can't come up with one. While I don't think
Triumph of the Will qualifies as great art, though, it certainly qualifies as superior propaganda. For all of Riefenstahl's stunning images--images that communicate a relentless hymn in praise to Nazi power that is in effect mythological in nature--the movie could be argued to satisfy some major criteria of a work of art, though certainly not others. The documentary has a kind of formal beauty and there is great skill in how the images are shot and edited in subtle ways to enhance the message that is being presented. This is at the very least artful.
When it comes to timelessness, the film is on much shakier ground--or at least it is timeless in a way that the artist almost certainly didn't intend. It is timeless in that it shows the threat of a strong, unscrupulous, unhinged leader who can bend a people to his will, largely because they already want to believe what he is selling in the first place. I suppose it fails the universality test, too, or, again, reinforces the notion in a way not-intended. This kind of evil can take root anywhere if the circumstances are right. No country is immune from it. In that sense, for most of us,
Triumph of the Will is not a credible endorsement of evil but it is a cautionary tale of much weight on the seductiveness of evil.
Of course, the documentary fails miserably when it comes to the fourth pillar of classical aesthetics--truth. A movie whose purpose is to make inevitable that which any reasonable human being should find repulsive and evil, fails by any humanist standard--in fact its an abomination of what art strives to be. This movie is selling a lie. Plus, there is another problem. Great works of art do not preach to the already converted--they excite thought and debate, not acquiescence. In effect, Riefenstahl is engaging in fan service here, one of the darkest things about the film. For all these reasons, I do not believe
Triumph of the Will is a work of art, let alone a great one.
Hell of a propaganda piece, though. Those scenes of Hitler's airplane flying through the clouds as though it is descending into Nuremberg from Valhalla are amazing. The shots of the rally at night seem almost sulphuric and the careful orchestration of marching boots and thousands of troops on the parade grounds are all stunning to behold. Riefenstahl has a fine art photographer's eye and many of the images are almost mesmerizing. She does everything she can to frame Hitler so that he looks powerful and convincing, the star of the show, a heroic, deified leader channeling the will of his people. Gotta say, he is scarily convincing. Apologies to Bruno Ganz, Anthony Hopkins, Ian McKellen and others, but nobody but nobody does Hitler better than Hitler. I'm sure German teenagers watching this movie would have found it near impossible to resist the cause--in that sense it is a very successful propaganda film. It is easy to see through the movie and its intent now--but it's not something to feel smug about. Living within that culture in 1934 would have been a very different proposition. The motherf***ers had the best uniforms, though--gotta concede that one.
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