I think Draisaitl has always been this way, or at least people have perceived him as such. I think it's a combination of his unorthodox stride and energy conservation that makes him seem "lazy." Whether he actually lacks effort in some games or not, I don't know. It's an 82-game grind (plus playoffs) so it only makes sense that some players conserve their energy over the course of the season. Maybe Draisaitl saves his energy for the homestretch and playoffs and it's unfortunate that injuries have decimated him each of the last three playoff runs.
But the things you mention, the blind passes, the turnovers, and the apparent lack of back checking are nothing new. People have complained about these since before time. What is new, and just started last year, or even the 2022 playoffs, is the stupid penalties. I don't know if its frustration on his part, but they certainly don't help matters and he needs to find a better way to deal with his frustration. Maybe writing in a journal during the intermissions?