Edit to add: I have said my piece in this thread and don't need to derail it any longer. Everyone is of course free to post disagreements to my argument, but I will not be replying in this thread. I would be delighted to engage further if someone wants to create a thread in the Business of Hockey forum.
The NHL, or any business of its kind, is NOT including the Expansion Fees as Revenue, which in turn, would affect Profits. Expansion fees are a return of capital; this is not the same thing. One is an Income Statement impact (for that fiscal year only) and the other is only a Balance Sheet impact. There are many ripple affects of the accounting treatement.
Both of those variables do affect the Return on Investment (ROI) which is a key indicator for any investor/businessman.
Using terms like Revenues, Profits, Investment, Returns, etc. needs to be done accurately for any of these discussions to be worthwhile.
I have seen many cases of outright fraud and failed business models that have resulted in litigation between investors and operators. The NHL selling additional franchises in the manner they are is not a Ponzi Scheme.
If they sold the rights to 132 expansion teams with a $50 million non-refundable deposit to each prospective owner; and then rejected them for various reasons but kept the money that could be a basis for fraud.
If they decided to create an NHL-Europe league and raised capital, failed to ever create a European league but then didn't disclose this and then raised a 2nd round of capital in order to make " profit distributions" to the 1st investors so that they would invest even more in the 3rd round and so on and so on..... then it would be a Ponzi scheme.
I have continuously referred to expansion fees as being factored into franchise values, which as you correctly mentioned, is because the expansion fees DO effect the ROI. $20m in cash appearing on your balance sheet every couple of years is going to drive up your value (Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity). I mention profit specifically because I believe it is obvious that a billion dollar franchise value is not supported by the profits that most NHL teams make through activities on the income statements (business value = present value of expected future profits).
I am not an accountant, but I have enough university courses in accounting that I can use the fundamental terms properly enough for worthwhile discussions.
The mistake that you and many of the other commenters replying to me are making is that you will only believe it is a Ponzi Scheme once it is so obvious that it cannot be ignored. But I ask you this, what does the beginnings of a Ponzi Scheme look like? Can you imagine a scenario where a legitimate business realizes that the greater fool is willing to pay exorbitant fees for a seat at the table, and start to enjoy the taste of that cash? What happens as this starts to accelerate? Ponzi Schemes don't have to be concocted by snickering thieves in a candlelit cellar and enacted all at once, legitimate businesses can transform and take on aspects of the scam because they are driven by human greed.
As I said in a prior post, the Vegas expansion was in good faith. Seattle too. But here we are just seven years after Vegas has come into the league, and the expansion fee has doubled, franchise values across the league have doubled or tripled, and yet the NHL hasn't actually grown in any meaningful way in that time. Two more teams from 30 is just under 7% growth, which is terrible over seven years and in no way justifies doubling of the balance sheet. Every accountant's alarm bells should be ringing at how fast franchise values have ballooned, and when you trace that back to the expansion payments you should be able to see why I'm crying out Ponzi Scheme.
Expansion is accelerating and I think it's completely obvious that it's because the NHL has completely given up on any other methods of growth and is greedy for the expansion checks. If your growth strategy is to get new people to pay you to buy in and then you share that money around your current investors to boost their balance sheets, that is bog standard Ponzi Scheme. They don't have to continue down this road, they're not at the point where they're committing fraud and Bettman is going to jail for his role in this, but they're absolutely moving towards future lawsuits with these outrageous expansion fees for prospective markets.