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Pather Panchali (Ray, 1955) – First of all, a thousand thanks to
@kihei for bringing this one to my attention. This is a gorgeous film, beautifully framed and lit, that plays with a lot of interesting ideas, with images and sounds. I am very aware that I lack all of the knowledge that could feed an exhaustive and satisfying understanding of the film's relation to Indian cinema and reality, but it felt to me that there was a lot more to say about it than what my limited Googling could find this morning – the film's readings seems to be greatly limited to its neorealist influences, or to some views of the world “
through the eyes of a child”(a comment that might apply best to the source material – a children book – and not to its dark and pessimistic adaptation). I know it is the first entry in a trilogy that has the boy Apu as central character, but this film is on itself first a portrait of women stuck in tradition, driven “bitter and mean” by the impossibility of emancipation. It is very much a modern film: in technique (the apparent simple recording of
reality of the first half) and in themes (the opposition between traditional and modernity). The mother is stuck and unhappy in her husband's ancestral home, but everybody else around her is doing fine with the little they have – because everybody escapes. And this is where – to me – the film is brilliant. At midpoint in the film comes the eagerly awaited festival where the theater play fascinates the kids – and that's an important key to the whole thing. There's two means of escaping the dry reality of the first half of the film: imagination (the play, the father's writing of plays, and the children games) and technology (the train, the electric pylons) – both are identified as lies in the film (Durga mocks her brother's prince fantasy, and the mother calls Durga a liar when she says she has seen the train) and, more importantly are brought together through the sight-seeing machine (a cousin of the kinetoscope through which the kids can see modern cities and other destinations). Reading about Ray's struggle to make the film makes it very tempting to go back to Zizek's proposition that every modern film is a film about the possibility or impossibility to make a film (or to write a play) – and here about the difficulty to break free from tradition. Still, I don't think the film goes against tradition, and when the family decides to leave the ancestral home, the elders come and tell the husband that they could have helped. Auntie, another elder and carrier of traditions, is the only woman that manages to avoid being bitter and mean, but she repeats a few times that she is free to go as she please, and she too, like the children, escape everyday routine through stories and songs. The second half of the film is all about that, the play, the sight-seeing machine, but also the train scene, and scenes that are less and less bound into the banality of everyday life and that
escape to a more lyrical and symbolic imagery (the waterlilies, the insects, the amazing rain sequence, culminating with the snake entering the home at the end). I read somewhere that the film was loose in structure, but I highly disagree, the film is a rigidly structured work, with a narrative loop (the young niece bringing fruits to her auntie) and a true resolution to the basic intrigue of the film at the end (with the boy finding the necklace).
9/10
I realize I said nothing about sound... but there's much to say there too.