Oil! by Upton Sinclair is a book that isn't as cheerful as the punctuation in its title would have you believe. It's also something so rare I've never seen anything to compare it with - a book which spawned a Hollywood film which doesn't have a ghastly cover celebrating this fact.
It still has Daniel Day Lewis on the front, yes, but he's taking up about a quarter of the front at most. Which I suppose is fitting, since it's only about that much of the book which inspired the characters and some of the events of There Will Be Blood. Oil! Is the story of J. Arnold Ross, independent Californian oil man, and his son Bunny, who he grooms to take over the family business. The book is set in the early 20th century and takes in the various social, economic and political shifts experienced by the USA at that time.
It's initially quite strange reading this book, as you can't help but compare it to the film. Scenes and part of the dialogue are lifted almost word for word, but the actual surroundings are fundamentally different, and a lot less severe. This is mainly a result of Sinclair's style of writing, which puts me in mind of Fitzgerald and other writers of that time. He's very fond of exclamation marks. So while he might be writing about a brutal, dehumanising industry and later a corrupt political system, it rarely feels laboured (sorry) from a linguistic perspective.
The narration plays a large part in this, as it's through Bunny's childhood and adolescence that we get his perspective. He thinks his dad is wonderful. He thinks the way his dad bribes policemen to let him speed is wonderful. He thinks of the whole world as oil, and of the respect being a man of money and means can bring. The first half of the book is very effective as a result, with Bunny's childish naievety both documenting the brutal reality of the industry and simplifying it. The result of this simplification is an almost instinctive justification. "People need oil, my dad gets it, what's the problem?" It helps also that these opening sections are as interesting as Bunny himself finds them. It's enjoyable to read and explore a new area and people with his enthusiasm, and it's equally enjoyable to learn about oil drilling as he does.
The tone changes though as Bunny grows up, the War happens, President Harding dies and the oil workers try to unionise and get some rights. This is where the central purpose of the book shines through, to criticise and demonstrate the corruption and exploitation in the oil industry and political machine surrounding it. Sinclair opens the book with a disclaimer - that although the names of people and places have been changed (it's set in Angel City rather than Los Angeles, for instance) the names themselves are irrelevant, as if they hadn't been involved, other people would have in their place. The book is very effective, if a little labou- strained, at this. It goes into great detail about how the oil companies - large and independent - secretly plot together to drive down wages and conditions, and the efforts of some people to change this.
This point of the book is juxtaposed with Bunny's entry to adulthood, and his realisation that being young, handsome and unknowably rich can make you popular with girls. He ends up in a relationship with a movie star and goes to premieres and parties with her, all the while trying to convince himself that he's a friend of the working man, wanting to set up labour colleges and enact proper communism as his friends have seen it when in Russia during the war. The book struggles here slightly, as I found it hard to believe that Bunny, or anyone, could be as naive or ignorant as he is at times.
Oil! was published in 1927. As you may be aware, a significant event happened to the American and world economy in 1929. As a result the book becomes harder to read from a historical perspective. It's not right to criticise it for this, I know, but it's weird to read about something as so absolute and definite when you know the country was changed beyond recognition shortly after the events depicted. Then again, the same can be said for the War and other books from the same period, so I suppose it's an obstacle the modern reader just has to deal with.
Despite these historical oddities, I'd say that Oil! is something especially pertinent to read today, given the state of various factors affecting the Western world. Political corruption, the rights of workers and the effect of industry on the environment are all crucial issues facing us today, and to read something written a century ago with the same problems is somewhat demoralising. The idealistic utopia imagined by Bunny and his friends is obvious nonsense, but not in the way it's dismissed by opponents of the time. To know that I'm of the same age as Bunny, experiencing so many of the same things, it's sobering.
As effective as the book is in this sense, it concludes far too quickly and neatly. It's 550 pages long and the final 50 of those are quite sudden and different from what came before. Come to think of it that might be a good thing, as the then yet to happen Great Depression was probably just as sudden. But then this is a book, and the end is quite jarring. I don't think it's enough to truly spoil the book, but it might leave you a bit unsatisfied when you're finished.
So, enjoyably written, fast-paced, interesting, depressingly relevant a century later. Just what you want from all your old literature, I suppose.