2) My understanding is that’s kinda the norm during the season? You bulk up during the offseason and build the body you want, then games and practice take so much outta you that there’s no other training. Would be tough to do any regular weight training with that schedule. No biking or cardio? I feel like you’d have to replace that with more skating during practice or somethin.
So muscles are actually an incredibly efficient thing. The latest literature suggests someone who lifts and trains regularly and stopped 100% would only be able to noticeably lose any muscle mass through lab tests (not visibly) after about 3 weeks. After about 3 months strength and size noticeably go down.
However the key is that muscle memory is scientifically a very real thing. The hard process is building the muscle cells, but when you stop lifting they don't go away. So someone who has trained their body to a high level, even a decade after not lifting and very quickly progress back to where they stopped, I am talking in 3 months of training.
Now in the context of hockey. The above assumes you go from training to couch potato. The players obviously are very much still using their muscles in season. My guess would be throughout the season, muscle loss on these athletes eating properly is almost undetectable outside of some medical scans.
When the offseason hits, they would be able to resume training and be hitting their top numbers within a month despite maybe not performing the lifts with frequency all year. So I believe atheletes would be able to maintain their levels so long as they put in the offseason work.
NOW: In the real world players do not simply stop lifting for a year. Instead, they often deload weights by 20% or more of their normal lifts. The main focus for athletes is limiting overall systemic fatigue. Pushing for PRs on offdays is not happening.
These deload sessions ensure minimal muscle loss throughout the season without adding too much to the overall total training volume. They also are not something super strict either, they happen when the opportunity is there during times of rest.