Ovechkin fwa bgs 9.5 used to be $300 now $15k cad
At the time his Cup /99 was around $10k
You think you can get $500k for a Ovechkin Cup /99 now? No Chance.
So buying every possible graded YG/Fwa was a better investment than 1 Cup /99 for the same price.
I think those numbers are sauced up a bit, I never saw Ovechkin Cup RPAs selling for $10,000 around that time.
In my opinion you are observing the right data but coming to the wrong conclusion. What you are describing in comparing the value of YGs, FWAs, and Cup RPAs is already perfectly modeled by scarcity.
When Ovechkin Gem Mint FWAs were selling for $300 it was because there was an inventory available to buyers. There was a normal supply/demand curve which kept the market in check. Because 1) the product had come out more recently and 2) there are 999 FWAs which are worth grading.
Now look at each of those two drivers and compare it to the Cup RPAs. 1) the recency element exists with RPAs but the timeline is much shorter because 2) there are only 99 of them.
I find it helpful the imagine the life cycle of the entire market of a card release, such as Ovechkin's FWA /999. To start all the cards exist in boxes. Most of those boxes get opened in the first 6 months after release. Most of those Ovechkin FWA /999 are opened by collectors, investors, fans of all teams, etc. From that exact point that pool of cards will eventually find their way to an end-consumer. Every time a Gem Mint Ovechkin FWA /999 finds the last person who will own it, one inventory of that card just disappeared from the market, the supply drops, and the price increases.
So what I believe you are actually observing with FWA vs Cup RPAs is that the life cycle from boxes being opened to end-consumer is faster which means the demand and price from the start is higher. It also means an inventory never really develops to create a stable market.
What you see now at present day with a $15,000 Gem Mint Ovechkin FWA is that the FWA market has matured. There are 999 total and no more than 100 graded that highly, however there may as well only be one because buyers have one option.
I could continue to give examples of this. One that I personally buy into is PSA 10 Cale Makar YGs. As a buyer I can find as many as I want right now because 1) the product just recently dropped and 2) there are PSA 10s readily available to buy. That is the case right now. But every one that I buy and hold is one off the market.
Every player and product is different too. My personal thesis is to dig into the YG, FW, and Cup individual player life cycles and exploit weakness I see.
I will finish with this as it relates to your post. Have you seen an Ovechkin Cup RPA recently? There is a reason these cards are selling for newsworthy amounts. That RPA may be worth $100k+ to the right buyer.