Dishing the Dirt

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There was talk about how he got Hart votes over Cowley because he was a better backchecker. But could that be more damning praise than true praise?
 
in late '30s/early '40s, there was debate about whether apps was the best C in history. i don't think i have ever seen similar debate about boucher.

I have not seen that discussion on Apps. Did anyone seriously entertain the idea that he was better than Morenz or Nighbor? You'll have to forgive my incredulity, especially given what we know about his crappy defensive play.
 
I have not seen that discussion on Apps. Did anyone seriously entertain the idea that he was better than Morenz or Nighbor? You'll have to forgive my incredulity, especially given what we know about his crappy defensive play.

Jack Adams was quoted in a late 1930s newspaper article saying that Apps might be the best ever.

At best it's one man's opinion at one time.
 
I have not seen that discussion on Apps. Did anyone seriously entertain the idea that he was better than Morenz or Nighbor? You'll have to forgive my incredulity, especially given what we know about his crappy defensive play.
i don't think we know that apps was a bad defensive player. that article talked about drillon and jackson, but did not describe apps' defensive play. i think it was conney weiland who said he preferred apps to cowley b/c apps was better defensively. that is not much but it is something. a video from '39 which i used for a bio of bob davidson shows apps and he did not look bad defensively.

frank selke said in the early '60s that apps was strictly an offensive player (also morenz).


adams' comments are more well known, but dick irvin compared apps favorably to morenz and taylor. http://news.google.com/newspapers?i...gFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4946,3863268&dq=apps+best&hl=en


here irvin said apps did everything well: http://news.google.com/newspapers?i...gDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3371,4725102&dq=apps+best&hl=en

irvin was apps' coach, though, so that may not be important. irvin could have been using the opening adams gave him to heap praise on apps.


but irvin later said that apps was not really a playmaker (after irvin became coach of the habs). http://news.google.com/newspapers?i...AJ&pg=4301,1318041&dq=lach+morenz+irvin&hl=en
 
I've added Harris and Walker to the table I made earlier, and added two columns for points per year and per game.

Here are the adjusted career numbers for some early era stars using a slight variation of the Ideal Points method from the Hockey Compendium. The earliest season included is 08-09

Player|Seasons|GP|G|A|Pts|Pts/Yr|Pts/GP
Frank Boucher|18|1345|431|939|1370|76.11|1.02
Bill Cook|15|1173|645|677|1322|88.13|1.13
Cy Denneny|15|1077|499|405|904|60.27|0.84
Tommy Dunderdale|15|1143|436|408|844|56.27|0.74
Frank Foyston|16|1168|457|438|895|55.94|0.77
Smokey Harris|14|1036|322|502|824|58.86|0.80
Duke Keats|10|685|350|531|881|88.10|1.29
Newsy Lalonde|18|1133|598|542|1140|63.33|1.01
Mickey MacKay|15|1118|489|570|1059|70.60|0.95
Joe Malone|15|1042|504|380|884|58.93|0.85
Howie Morenz|14|1066|542|626|1168|83.43|1.10
Bernie Morris|10|758|345|411|756|75.60|1.00
Frank Nighbor|18|1300|448|625|1073|59.61|0.83
Eddie Oatman|16|1162|346|546|892|55.75|0.77
Nels Stewart|15|1169|655|507|1162|77.47|0.99
Fred Taylor|13|813|385|717|1102|84.77|1.36
Jack Walker|16|1120|262|510|772|48.25|0.69

I gave Nighbor his career average of 37 assists (16 year average, not including the 29-30 season where he did not record an assist) for the 12-13 NHA season where assists were not awarded.
I don't have the numbers to include Taylor's 07-08 ECAHA season, and I gave him his average of 60 assists (9 year average, not including the 22-23 season where he did not record an assist) for the 3 ECHA/NHA seasons where assists were not awarded.
I gave Lalonde his average of 34 assists (12 year average, not including the 25-26 and 26-27 seasons where he did not record an assist) for the 4 NHA/PCHA seasons where assists were not awarded.
I gave Malone his average of 29 assists (9 year average, not including the 22-23 and 23-24 seasons where he did not record an assist) for the 4 NHA/ECHA seasons where assists were not awarded. His 09-10 season was left out, but his 08-09 season was included.
I gave Foyston his career average of 27 assists for the 12-13 NHA season where assists were not awarded.
I gave Oatman his average of 36 assists (13 year average, not including the 25-26 season where he did not record an assist) for the 2 NHA seasons where assists were not awarded.
I gave Dunderdale his average of 29 assists (11 year average, not including the 22-23 season where he did not record an assist) for the 3 NHA/PCHA seasons where assists were not awarded.
I gave Harris his career average of 36 assists for the 11-12 PCHA season where assists were not awarded.
 
I don't have time to type the full quotes out for these articles, but when I do I will add them to a profile of Georges Vezina I am working on.

Jack Adams was a big fan of Georges Vezina. In this article from 1936, Adams says that it is "nearly unanimous" among hockey people that Vezina was the best ever: http://news.google.com/newspapers?i...g=6434,47151&dq=georges+vezina+gardiner&hl=en

It's a fascinating article about the development of goaltending at the time. The "old guys" like Vezina and Benedict were very large, because they were expected to play a stand up style (though Benedict obviously broke that rule). The new glass of goalies - Gardiner, Roach, Worters, etc were much smaller.

Adams mentions that "year after year" hockey experts rank Worters the best in the game, but Adams thinks he is overrated because his team played defensive hockey and he faced a lot of easy shots. Adams thought Tiny Thompson was the best goalie in the league as of 1936.

In this article from 1953 http://news.google.com/newspapers?i...IBAJ&pg=5275,1375270&dq=vezina+benedict&hl=en, Jack Adams stated that he thought Georges Vezina was "the only old timer who might measure up to modern goalies."

The article also talked about how much goaltending had developed over the years: "no matter what other aspects of play have deteriorated, goaltending has steadily improved."
________________________________________

Iain Fyffe's point allocation system isn't perfect, but I think it's a big improvement off of a straight up look at goals against average, as it at least attempts to separate the player from the team. He compared Vezina and Benedict not too long ago here: http://hockeyhistorysis.blogspot.com/2012/02/vezina-v-benedict.html

This is his conclusion:

Oh dear, that didn't help much did it? Vezina has a better career average (though that might be due to missing stats for his pre-Montreal days), but Benedict had better best seasons. Vezina was strikingly consistent, which is quite a tribute given the shoddy defences he often played behind in his early years. Benedict generally benefited from better teams in front of him, but was still remarkable in his own right.

If I had to choose, I'd probably go with Vezina, since you would know exactly what you were going to get. Benedict could often be better, but sometime noticeably worse as well. Hard to complain about either of them.
 
I've added Harris and Walker to the table I made earlier, and added two columns for points per year and per game.

Here are the adjusted career numbers for some early era stars using a slight variation of the Ideal Points method from the Hockey Compendium. The earliest season included is 08-09

Player|Seasons|GP|G|A|Pts|Pts/Yr|Pts/GP
Frank Boucher|18|1345|431|939|1370|76.11|1.02
Bill Cook|15|1173|645|677|1322|88.13|1.13
Cy Denneny|15|1077|499|405|904|60.27|0.84
Tommy Dunderdale|15|1143|436|408|844|56.27|0.74
Frank Foyston|16|1168|457|438|895|55.94|0.77
Smokey Harris|14|1036|322|502|824|58.86|0.80
Duke Keats|10|685|350|531|881|88.10|1.29
Newsy Lalonde|18|1133|598|542|1140|63.33|1.01
Mickey MacKay|15|1118|489|570|1059|70.60|0.95
Joe Malone|15|1042|504|380|884|58.93|0.85
Howie Morenz|14|1066|542|626|1168|83.43|1.10
Bernie Morris|10|758|345|411|756|75.60|1.00
Frank Nighbor|18|1300|448|625|1073|59.61|0.83
Eddie Oatman|16|1162|346|546|892|55.75|0.77
Nels Stewart|15|1169|655|507|1162|77.47|0.99
Fred Taylor|13|813|385|717|1102|84.77|1.36
Jack Walker|16|1120|262|510|772|48.25|0.69

I gave Nighbor his career average of 37 assists (16 year average, not including the 29-30 season where he did not record an assist) for the 12-13 NHA season where assists were not awarded.
I don't have the numbers to include Taylor's 07-08 ECAHA season, and I gave him his average of 60 assists (9 year average, not including the 22-23 season where he did not record an assist) for the 3 ECHA/NHA seasons where assists were not awarded.
I gave Lalonde his average of 34 assists (12 year average, not including the 25-26 and 26-27 seasons where he did not record an assist) for the 4 NHA/PCHA seasons where assists were not awarded.
I gave Malone his average of 29 assists (9 year average, not including the 22-23 and 23-24 seasons where he did not record an assist) for the 4 NHA/ECHA seasons where assists were not awarded. His 09-10 season was left out, but his 08-09 season was included.
I gave Foyston his career average of 27 assists for the 12-13 NHA season where assists were not awarded.
I gave Oatman his average of 36 assists (13 year average, not including the 25-26 season where he did not record an assist) for the 2 NHA seasons where assists were not awarded.
I gave Dunderdale his average of 29 assists (11 year average, not including the 22-23 season where he did not record an assist) for the 3 NHA/PCHA seasons where assists were not awarded.
I gave Harris his career average of 36 assists for the 11-12 PCHA season where assists were not awarded.

How does this method calculate points between different leagues? I love seeing Duke Keats with the second best "per game" results, but it seems to me that this is probably overrating him a little bit.
 
How does this method calculate points between different leagues? I love seeing Duke Keats with the second best "per game" results, but it seems to me that this is probably overrating him a little bit.

It uses a formula based on the top scorers to approximate the playing time of starters on a league by league, season by season estimate. It uses the per game rate for goals and assists for each league season. It then rates that over a season of 82 games at 6.45 goals/game, 8.49 assists/game, and 20 minutes playing time/game.

Duke Keats
Season|GP|GPG|APG|TOI|GP|G|A|Pts|IGP|IG|IA|IPts
1915-16| 24 |7.53 | 2.69 | 34:40 | 24 | 22| 7 | 29 | 82 | 37 | 44 | 81
1916-17| 20 | 10.24 | 4.36 | 37:20 | 13 | 15 | 3 | 18 | 54 | 21 | 13 | 34
1921-22| 25 | 7.02 | 3.52 | 31:20 | 25 | 31 | 24 | 55 | 82 | 60 | 121 | 181
1922-23| 30 | 6.46 | 2.63 | 35:20 | 25 | 24 | 13 | 37 | 69 | 37 | 66 | 103
1923-24| 30 | 5.33 | 2.42 | 30:00 | 29 | 19 | 12 | 31 | 80 | 42 | 77 | 119
1924-25| 28 | 6.52 | 3.28 | 29:20 | 28 | 23 | 9 | 32 | 82 | 45 | 47 | 92
1925-26| 30 | 5.2 | 2.67 | 32:40 | 30 | 20 | 9 | 29| 82 | 42 | 48 | 90
1926-27| 44 | 3.8 | 1.79 | 28:00 | 42 | 16 | 8 | 24 | 79 | 36 | 51 | 87
1927-28| 44 | 3.67 | 1.82 | 30:40 | 37 | 14 | 10 | 24 | 69 | 30 | 57 | 87
1928-29| 44 | 2.8 | 1.67 | 29:20 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 7

It probably needs a tweak for team assist rates to smooth out the huge seasons like Keats 121 assists in 21-22. (Of all the players in the table, there were only 4 100+ assist seasons. One each for Boucher, Keats, Morenz and Taylor.) Overall, Keats gets as much out of his high peak vs short career as from that one huge "distorted" season.
 
So Keats' three big seasons are his first three years in the WCHL, then? I'm not too sure about the conversion values generated here. This was the three league era, and until Bill Cook started peaking in 1923-24 (where he beat Keats by 29% in scoring), other than Keats, himself, there are no forwards of any great interest on those WCHL leaderboards.

I don't get it. 1924-25 is actually the most impressive scoring season of Keats' career. In that season, he was right in the mix for the scoring lead in a consolidated western league (after the PCHA merger) with a peaking Cook, MacKay and Frederickson, and yet this formula has that as a much worse scoring season than the year beforehand when Cook smoked him. No offense, BM, but this doesn't pass the smell test.
 
So Keats' three big seasons are his first three years in the WCHL, then? I'm not too sure about the conversion values generated here. This was the three league era, and until Bill Cook started peaking in 1923-24 (where he beat Keats by 29% in scoring), other than Keats, himself, there are no forwards of any great interest on those WCHL leaderboards.

I don't get it. 1924-25 is actually the most impressive scoring season of Keats' career. In that season, he was right in the mix for the scoring lead in a consolidated western league (after the PCHA merger) with a peaking Cook, MacKay and Frederickson, and yet this formula has that as a much worse scoring season than the year beforehand when Cook smoked him. No offense, BM, but this doesn't pass the smell test.
He had more assists in 23-24, than in 24-25, and there were fewer assists over all, so he gets a big bump there. Keats does get 92 IPts to MacKay's 86 in 24-25 due to more assists. Oliver would be the big winner with his assist totals in 24-25 (71 GP 40 G 68 A 108 Pts).

Goals and assists took a sizable jump from 23-24 to 24-25, but Keats had only 1 more point, and fewer assists. Keats may have looked better in the scoring race, but that doesn't mean he had a better scoring year.

Cook does indeed smoke Keats in 23-24 with 146 IPts, again mainly on the strength of his assists total.
 
It uses a formula based on the top scorers to approximate the playing time of starters on a league by league, season by season estimate. It uses the per game rate for goals and assists for each league season. It then rates that over a season of 82 games at 6.45 goals/game, 8.49 assists/game, and 20 minutes playing time/game.

Duke Keats
Season|GP|GPG|APG|TOI|GP|G|A|Pts|IGP|IG|IA|IPts
1915-16| 24 |7.53 | 2.69 | 34:40 | 24 | 22| 7 | 29 | 82 | 37 | 44 | 81
1916-17| 20 | 10.24 | 4.36 | 37:20 | 13 | 15 | 3 | 18 | 54 | 21 | 13 | 34
1921-22| 25 | 7.02 | 3.52 | 31:20 | 25 | 31 | 24 | 55 | 82 | 60 | 121 | 181
1922-23| 30 | 6.46 | 2.63 | 35:20 | 25 | 24 | 13 | 37 | 69 | 37 | 66 | 103
1923-24| 30 | 5.33 | 2.42 | 30:00 | 29 | 19 | 12 | 31 | 80 | 42 | 77 | 119
1924-25| 28 | 6.52 | 3.28 | 29:20 | 28 | 23 | 9 | 32 | 82 | 45 | 47 | 92
1925-26| 30 | 5.2 | 2.67 | 32:40 | 30 | 20 | 9 | 29| 82 | 42 | 48 | 90
1926-27| 44 | 3.8 | 1.79 | 28:00 | 42 | 16 | 8 | 24 | 79 | 36 | 51 | 87
1927-28| 44 | 3.67 | 1.82 | 30:40 | 37 | 14 | 10 | 24 | 69 | 30 | 57 | 87
1928-29| 44 | 2.8 | 1.67 | 29:20 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 7

It probably needs a tweak for team assist rates to smooth out the huge seasons like Keats 121 assists in 21-22. (Of all the players in the table, there were only 4 100+ assist seasons. One each for Boucher, Keats, Morenz and Taylor.) Overall, Keats gets as much out of his high peak vs short career as from that one huge "distorted" season.

sounds like you're saying that it treats all NHA, PCHA and WCHL seasons equally. I definitely do not agree with that. The first couple years of the WCHL and last few years of the PCHA were pretty weak, to start with.
 
Goals and assists took a sizable jump from 23-24 to 24-25, but Keats had only 1 more point, and fewer assists. Keats may have looked better in the scoring race, but that doesn't mean he had a better scoring year.

The leagues consolidated in the intervening offseason, and some very different hockey got played in 1924-25, including what appears to have been the first regular pressure/shift system in Victoria under Lester Patrick. The WCHL was also flooded with goaltending talent (where it had been pretty barren before), as both Holmes and Lehman came over, both still at the tail end of their primes, as far as I can tell.

I just don't see any way to forge any kind of clearminded formulaic equivalency between the leagues/seasons during this period. I am analytical by nature and implicitly prefer quantitative arguments, but the western leagues are such an enormous chaos that I think an "educated fudge" ends up being more enlightened than any kind of numerical system that I have seen to this point.

I doubt that Cook was really a different player from one season to the next at that point...certainly not a worse one (he was still developing to some extent). And we know what big stars MacKay and Frederickson were. To me, it is more meaningful to see Keats neck-and-neck with those guys in the first consolidated western season than it is to see him nowhere close to Cook in the season before, although nominally he scored more points. I don't see anything close to a one-to-one equivalency between those seasons.
 
I think dreakmur and jarek, on separate occasions, both did some equivalancy formulas between the NHA/NHL and PCHA in order to make leaderboards and/or adjusted totals. While the work is fundamentally sound from a formulaic standpoint, the problem that I had to point out to jarek is, you could take the calculation and apply it to any league (like, say, the 1988 QMJHL) and it would spit out results that "fit" with the results from the 1912 NHA, but what that really would show is which players dominated which league more. If you just ranked all the players by those "scores" you'd be making the assumption that both leagues were exactly equal in quality. I don't know that this is true for any year from 1912-1926. In a few years it is probably "close enough" but in the early 20s I would definitely say it wasn't.

I think what BM is saying is that he did something similar to the above. But it doesn't account for the weakening of the PCHA and the humble beginnings of the WCHL.
 
The leagues consolidated in the intervening offseason, and some very different hockey got played in 1924-25, including what appears to have been the first regular pressure/shift system in Victoria under Lester Patrick. The WCHL was also flooded with goaltending talent (where it had been pretty barren before), as both Holmes and Lehman came over, both still at the tail end of their primes, as far as I can tell.

I just don't see any way to forge any kind of clearminded formulaic equivalency between the leagues/seasons during this period. I am analytical by nature and implicitly prefer quantitative arguments, but the western leagues are such an enormous chaos that I think an "educated fudge" ends up being more enlightened than any kind of numerical system that I have seen to this point.

I doubt that Cook was really a different player from one season to the next at that point...certainly not a worse one (he was still developing to some extent). And we know what big stars MacKay and Frederickson were. To me, it is more meaningful to see Keats neck-and-neck with those guys in the first consolidated western season than it is to see him nowhere close to Cook in the season before, although nominally he scored more points. I don't see anything close to a one-to-one equivalency between those seasons.

The PCHA and WCHL had been playing each other for several years before they merged. The PCHA teams played 14 games against the PCHA teams and 16 games against the WCHL teams in 23-24. The WCHL teams played 18 against each other and 12 vs the PCHA teams. It basically was a two conference league rather than two separate leagues.

They merged for the 24-25 season, but still played an unbalanced schedule. Edmonton played Calgary 8 times, but the other teams only 5 times.

Cook didn't have as good a year in 24-25 as he did in 23-24, but he was back to his more productive self for the next season.

The scoring race with a modern level of assists isn't going to look just like the unadjusted leader board with fewer goals than assists.

For this method the PCHA and WCHL were treated as one league, which will give different numbers, than if the two leagues were calculated separately. Plus this is an adjusted points method, not a dominance point method, so scoring level is the key and not competition level.

For those that missed it. This is a slightly adjusted Idealized Point Method taken from The Hockey Compendium. The tweaks I use are 82 game schedule length rather than 80 games, games missed included rather than giving everyone a full season, and no neutering of the assists totals. Otherwise it is Klein and Reif's system.

Here is the idealized point totals for Bill Cook out west.

Player|Year|GP|G|A|Pts|IGP|IG|IA|IPts
Bill Cook|22-23|30|9|16|25|82|14|80|94
Bill Cook|23-24|30|26|14|40|82|57|89|146
Bill Cook|24-25|27|22|10|32|80|44|52|96
Bill Cook|25-26|30|31|13|44|82|64|69|133

Here's the WCHL 24-25 leader board with IPts

Player|GP|G|A|Pts|IGP|IG|IA|IPts
Mickey Mackay|28|27|6|33|82|55|31|86
Harry Oliver|24|20|13|33|71|40|68|108
Duke Keats|28|23|9|32|82|45|47|92
Bill Cook|27|22|10|32|80|44|52|96
Frank Fredrickson|28|22|8|30|82|43|41|84
Frank Boucher|27|16|12|28|80|32|63|95
 
The genesis of Canadian hockey:

Twenty-five years ago, hockey, as played to-day, was an unknown sport, Shinny was played on the lakes, rivers and canals throughout the country, but only a discerning eye could discover in this crude, but infatuating amusement, the grand possibilities that a refined game could offer, Without restrictions as to the proportions of the stick, the nature or quality of the puck, the size of the playing space on the ice, or the number of the players, the sport could not develope into a scientific game, until such time as it would be discussed and regulated, by those who sought its advancement.

To the McGill College and Victoria Hockey teams of Montreal the game of hockey owes its present state. These two were the first regularly organized hockey clubs in the world, the former preceding the latter by a very short time. Previous to the formation of the above organîzations about 1881, teams existed in Montreal and Quebec, but the only rule that was well defined was the one which demanded that every man should "shinny on his own side." Do what you might, play on what you liked or with what you liked—and as long as you shinnied on your own side, you were within the law.

All kinds of sticks were used, long knotted roots, broom handles, clubs, and all kinds of skates were employed, from long, dangerous reachers to short wooden rockers. On each particular occasion the captains agreed, before the game, upon the rules that they would abide by or disregard, so that, the rules that governed one match, might be null and void for another. The puck was a square block of wood, about two cubic inches in size, on which a later împrovement was the bung of a barrel, tightly tied round with cord. Body checking was prohibited, so was lifting the puck; if the puck went behind the goal line it had to be faced; the referee kept time and decided the games; the goal posts, placed, at times, like ours, facing one another, were also fastened in the ice in a row, facing the sides, so that a game might be scored from either road, the forward shooting in the direction of the side of the rink, instead of towards the end, as we do.

As soon as the Montreal Victorias were organized, the secretary of that club wrote to every city in Canada for information regarding the rules of hockey, but the result was unsatisfactory, because he could get none. When, shortly after, the Crystals and M.A.A.A, had formed teams, and the Ottawas and Quebecs had come into existence, the first successful matches, played under a code of rules that had been drawn up and accepted, were brought about by the challenge system. The first series of games took place during the first winter carnival, in 1884, and was played on the cold river rink, and the second, during the second carnival, in the Victoria rink, when, as history relates, "the players were slightly interfered with by the erection of a large ice-grotto in the rink."
 
The second epoch of Canadian hockey:

In 1887, the challenge system was done away with, and the Victorias, Crystals, Montrealers, Quebecs and Ottawas formed the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada, which, in the good effects that it has produced, constitutes the second epoch in the history of the game, because from this date, hockey made rapid strides in its advancement as a popular, scientific sport.

Hockey skated up into Ontario from the city of Montreal. Kingston was the first western town, excepting, of course, Ottawa, to play the game as it should be played. Some of the Royal Military College cadets who hailed from Quebec, brought to the old garrison town, the principles of the new born sport, and with their foot-ball rivals, Queen's College, materially assisted the progress of the game in the west.

In Toronto, the game was introduced by Mr, T. L. Paton, for many years a member of the champion M. A. A. A. team, who chanced to be travelling in the Royal City. Mentioning to some friends that hockey was the winter game par excellence in Montreal, he was induced to write for a puck and some sticks, and teach them the sport. This was in 1887, and in a few years the game that electrified the people of the east, was destined to secure a fast hold upon the sporting instincts of those in the west.

From Toronto to Winnipeg, hockey was received with great éclat. Clubs were formed in every city that boasted of the name, and unions and associations sprang up to regulate the games and to draw up schedules. In the season '90-91, the Ontario Hockey Association was organized with its head centre in Toronto.
 
In regards to Bowie - he was born in 1880, and was seven years old at the beginning of the "second epoch" of Canadian hockey. He was a Montrealer, and so at the epicenter of the new hockey phenomenon. He played at the Tucker school, which according to this document:

http://news.google.com/newspapers?n...RcctAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6JgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6906,512256

...was one of three schools in Montreal (along with Montreal High and St. Mary's) which was turning out the best hockey players at the turn of the century. It is not clear when the Tucker school first organized a hockey team or when Bowie joined, but it appears they were competing against other high schools, so we can probably place his joining organized hockey at the age of 13-14, though he was likely skating and whacking something resembling a puck around with his friends before that.
 
I'll have some comments on this later. I don't think it should be just about Bowie - the other top players of the era - Tommy Phillips and Hod Stuart at least, but probably also Harvey Pulford, Frank McGee, Alf Smith, Si Griffis, and Ernie Russell (who I've become convinced we have been understating) should also be part.
 
Ok, I'm trying to get my head around just when hockey began spreading rapidly throughout Canada, and just how rapidly it spread. I think the easiest way to measure the spread of hockey throughout "the dominion" is to look at where the star players grew up from one generation to the next. I'm not really interested in the really ancient players who competed in the Montreal Winter Carnival and whatnot, so we'll start with Russell Bowie's generation. Here is a list of the stars, and where they grew up. If a player grew up somewhere other than where he was actually born, I list his birthplace in parentheses.

Ottawa-based star players:

Frank McGee
Hamby Shore
Tommy Smith
Bruce Stuart
Hod Stuart
John Bouse Hutton
Harry Westwick
Billy Gilmour
Alf Smith
Harvey Pulford

Montreal-based star players:

Russell Bowie
Harry Trihey
Fred Scanlan
Blair Russel
Jimmy Gardner
Pud Glass (Scotland, UK)
Graham Drinkwater

Other star players:

Tommy Phillips - Rat Portage, ON
Billy McGimsie - Woodville, ON
Si Griffis - Rat Portage, ON (Kansas, USA)

Jack Laviolette - Belleville, ON
Dickie Boon - Belleville, ON
Dan Bain - Belleville, ON

Percy Lesueur - Quebec City, QC
Paddy Moran - Quebec City, QC
Tom Hooper - Kenora, ON
Marty Walsh - Kingston, ON

So Bowie's generation seems to have drawn almost all of its talent from a few hockey hotbeds. Ottawa is most prominent, followed by Montreal, and then you have the Rat Portage area, Belleville and Quebec City that all produce a few. Hockey at this point was still drawing from a very geographically limited talent pool.

---------------------------------------------------------

Right at the end of Bowie's career, you start seeing the talent pool diversify. Here are the star players who pop up during the last couple season of Bowie's career in the ECAHA.

Ernie Russell - Montreal
Moose Johnson - Montreal
Harry Hyland - Montreal

Harry Smith - Ottawa

Cyclone Taylor - Tara, ON
Art Ross - Naughton, ON
Riley Hern - St. Marys, ON
Newsy Lalonde - Cornwall, ON
Dubbie Kerr - Brockville, ON

Didier Pitre - Valleyfield, QC
Lester Patrick - Drummondville, QC
Joe Malone - Quebec City, QC

Fred Lake - Cornwallis, NS

The talent pool seems to be diversifying towards the end of Bowie's career. Ottawa, Montreal and Quebec City combined are still producing a good chunk of the top players in Canada, but just a few areas no longer have a chokehold on all of the hockey talent.

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And then we get to the next generation, which is vastly more geographically diverse. Here's how that generation breaks down (leaving out the above players who appeared during the end of Bowie's career).

Ottawa-based players:

Jack Darragh
Gord Roberts
Clint Benedict
Harry Broadbent
Eddie Gerard
George Boucher
Tom Dunderdale (Australia)

Montreal-based players:

Odie Cleghorn
Sprague Cleghorn

Ontario-based players:

Hugh Lehman - Pembroke, ON
Frank Nighbor - Pembroke, ON
Harry Cameron - Pembroke, ON

Scotty Davidson - Kingston, ON
Ken Randall - Kingston, ON

George McNamara - Penetanguishene, ON
Bert Corbeau - Penetanguishene, ON

Cy Denneny - Cornwall, ON (Farran's Point)
Corb Denneny - Cornwall, ON

Eddie Oatman - Springford, ON
Goldie Prodgers - London, ON
Rusty Crawford - Cardinal, ON
Harry Holmes - Aurora, ON
Jack Walker - Silver Mountain, ON
Frank Foyston - Minesing, ON
Mickey MacKay - Chelsea, ON
Barney Stanley - Paisley, ON
Lloyd Cook - Lynden, ON
Duke Keats - North Bay, ON (Montreal)
Reg Noble - Collingwood, ON
Dick Irvin - Hamilton, ON
Smokey Harris - Port Arthur, ON
Alf Skinner - Toronto, ON
Art Duncan - Sault St. Marie, ON
Jack Adams - Ft Willliam, ON

Quebec-based players:

Georges Vezina - Chicoutimi, QC
Louis Berlinquette - Papineau, QC
Frank Patrick - Drummondville, QC

Manitoba-based players:

Joe Hall - Brandon, MA (Staffordshire, EN)
Harry Mummery - Brandon, MA (Chicago)
Bernie Morris - Brandon, MA
Cully Wilson - Winnipeg, MA

What's really striking here is the explosion of talent in the rest of Ontario. Ottawa still produces its share of great players, but represents a much smaller piece of the pie than it did before, and Montreal's place in the hockey world has shrunken down to only one of many cities producing a few star players. There is no way to convert this information into some smooth formula to equate performance from one generation to the next, but I think the above shines a relatively clear light on the expansion of hockey talent in Canada from the Bowie to the Nighbor generation.
 
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Ok, I'm trying to get my head around just when hockey began spreading rapidly throughout Canada, and just how rapidly it spread. I think the easiest way to measure the spread of hockey throughout "the dominion" is to look at where the star players grew up from one generation to the next. I'm not really interested in the really ancient players who competed in the Montreal Winter Carnival and whatnot, so we'll start with Russell Bowie's generation. Here is a list of the stars, and where they grew up. If a player grew up somewhere other than where he was actually born, I list his birthplace in parentheses.







So Bowie's generation seems to have drawn almost all of its talent from a few hockey hotbeds. Ottawa is most prominent, followed by Montreal, and then you have the Rat Portage area, Belleville and Quebec City that all produce a few. Hockey at this point was still drawing from a very geographically limited talent pool.

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Right at the end of Bowie's career, you start seeing the talent pool diversify. Here are the star players who pop up during the last couple season of Bowie's career in the ECAHA.



The talent pool seems to be diversifying towards the end of Bowie's career. Ottawa, Montreal and Quebec City combined are still producing a good chunk of the top players in Canada, but just a few areas no longer have a chokehold on all of the hockey talent.

-----------------------------------------------------------

And then we get to the next generation, which is vastly more geographically diverse. Here's how that generation breaks down (leaving out the above players who appeared during the end of Bowie's career).











What's really striking here is the explosion of talent in the rest of Ontario. Ottawa still produces its share of great players, but represents a much smaller piece of the pie than it did before, and Montreal's place in the hockey world has shrunken down to only one of many cities producing a few star players. There is no way to convert this information into some smooth formula to equate performance from one generation to the next, but I think the above shines a relatively clear light on the expansion of hockey talent in Canada from the Bowie to the Nighbor generation.

I think this is a really interesting topic. Part of the appeal of hockey history for me has always been the close tie to Canadian history and geography. I live in the Ottawa area and have lived in Southern Ontario as well, so there are a lot of familiar places on those lists. Do you have any Canadian ties, Sturm, or are you coming at this as an outsider to Canada?

I wonder why hockey spread all the way to Rat Portage/Kenora. It could have been just one person who spread it and popularized it there before the rest of Ontario west of Ottawa. Looks like it was spreading down the St Lawrence/Lake Ontario as well (Kingston, Belleville) but hadn't hit Toronto.

Lalonde and Kerr continued the St Lawrence/Lake Ontario representation. Looks like Riley Hern was the first star to come out of Southern Ontario, followed by Cyclone Taylor.

The Ottawa Valley opens up after that, with Nighbor, Cameron, etc. The game also spreads to the Georgian Bay region (McNamara, Noble, etc) and into Northern Ontario (Duncan, Walker, Keats). And Northwestern Ontario has spread beyond Kenora to the Thunder Bay area (Harris, Adams).

Important note: The Toronto area is still barely represented. I knew that Alf Skinner was a Toronto boy, because when I researched Skinner in the Toronto Star they never lost a chance to mention he was from Toronto. Apparently he was just about the only high-level hockey player from Toronto. Granted, the GTA wasn't an enormous share of the population, but still, high-level hockey players were not coming out of the GTA at all. While Tom Paton may have introduced hockey to Toronto in 1887, for whatever reason, hockey culture didn't establish itself in Toronto like it did in other parts of Ontario.

We also have yet to see stars coming from west of Manitoba, but that's in part because Canada's West was still very much being settled and developed at this time.
 
That is the best read on the expansion of the early talent pool that I've seen. To really put it in context, I would want to see how it compares to the expansion of talent between the Taylor and Morenz generations.

I also want to see the difference between the Dan Bain/Mike Grant generation and the Bowie/Phillips generation. I'm not ready to write off the late 1890s as "primitive" like Sturm seems to be. I realize the 1887 Winter Carnival is pretty questionable from a competitive standpoint, but the Cup was first awarded in 1892 and the HHOF has seen fit to honor some players from the late 1890s
 
Actually this is a great way of looking at it, but the Art Hooper article reminded me that the Winnipeg Victorias were a very good hockey team that competed for Cups. They won Cups in 1896, 1901, and 1902 and then competed in the same league as the Cup winning Kenora Thistles in the second half of the '00s. So Winnipeg really needs to be included as a source of hockey talent during Bowie's time.

Edit: never mind, I was under the impression that the Winnipeg team was stocked by homegrown players like most teams of the era, but it seems like their most notable players were born in Montreal or Western Ontario.
 
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Actually this is a great way of looking at it, but the Art Hooper article reminded me that the Winnipeg Victorias were a very good hockey team that competed for Cups. They won Cups in 1896, 1901, and 1902 and then competed in the same league as the Cup winning Kenora Thistles in the second half of the '00s. So Winnipeg really needs to be included as a source of hockey talent during Bowie's time.

Edit: never mind, I was under the impression that the Winnipeg team was stocked by homegrown players like most teams of the era, but it seems like their most notable players were born in Montreal or Western Ontario.

Winnipeg was a boomtown at the time - the population grew from 25 000 in 1891 to 179 000 in 1921. While early Winnipeg hockey stars were mostly born in Eastern Canada, so was the rest of the population.
 

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