The goaltender argument is the easiest. Look at what the GMs do. There is a turnover of approximately 5 starting goaltenders per year. Pretty easy to say that if you aren't in the top 25 then you aren't a #1 (getting ahead of the GMs). Thomas, Backstrom, Lack, Nabby and Brodeur lost their positions this past off season. My own take is that Lehtonen and Pavelec have been hanging around the #25 spot for a long time.
We have argued about the #1 definition before and all have come to agree that there are a variety of definitions. It is better to state your own definition before you begin the rest of your argument. Or at least the definition for purposes of the argument.
On your argument, you would be hard pressed to say that the Isles, Devils, Oil, Avs, Stars or the Flyers have a #1. Minimally a #1 should be seeing ~23min TOI. That 23min doesn't happen on teams without at least a pseudo #1.