Whether or not it's an actual advantage, players and their agents do perceive it as an advantage.
Here's a great article from the AP on this:
NHL free agency shows teams in states with no income tax have an advantage
Here is my pitch for how to address this matter: Amend the CBA to state that player payments from the league account for income tax discrepancies. Players in provinces/states with higher income tax receive more money out of the escrow and players in states with less or no income tax receive less income out of escrow.
It isn't as simple as players sign a contract for x dollars over y years so they get x/y each year minus income taxes and other withholdings. Player payments are complicated. Money paid to players goes into escrow which is then paid out as a portion of the overall hockey related revenue. This means what a player earns doesn't necessarily match what the player signed for.
Here's an article on Panarin complaining about the complexities of escrow:
Artemi Panarin to NHL owners: ‘It is time to fix the escrow’
What the league needs to do is further modify player payments by incorporating player specific income taxes into player payments out of escrow. Instead of getting a piece of the HRR pie based on their contracted salaries, the players get a piece of the HRR plus income tax based on their salaries and what team they play for.
Players in states/provinces with higher income tax will receive slightly larger pieces of the HRR pie while players in states with lower/no income tax get slightly lower.
The justifications for this approach are:
1. It is a method which can be adjusted as needed by the league and NHLPA.
2. It only adds a small level of complication to an already complicated system.
3. Teams in higher income tax areas tend to be teams which have traditionally contributed more to the overall HRR each year (Canadian teams, NY, Chicago, LA, etc.). Teams in lower income tax areas have traditionally contributed less, although that could be changing (see #1 above).
4. This method can be tailored to account for the fact that players pay income tax based on where they play each night. It can also be tailored to account for mid-season trades.