Book Feature Cold War on Ice: The NHL versus the Soviet Union in Hockey's Super Series '76 (by John G. Robertson and Carl T. Madden)

CTMadden

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About Cold War on Ice

Just three years after the ground-breaking and impactful 1972 Canada-Soviet Series, the NHL and the USSR’s ice hockey federation agreed to have the top two Soviet teams from 1974-75 play four games each versus eight different NHL clubs in their home buildings in late December 1975 through early January 1976. Such was the importance of the series in the USSR that the entire Soviet hockey league went on hiatus for three weeks while the perennial Soviet champions, Central Red Army, and their closest pursuers, Wings of the Soviet, were in North America. (Both clubs had augmented their rosters by borrowing top players from other Soviet teams for the occasion.) They would face the Rangers, the Penguins, the Canadiens, the Sabres, the Blackhawks, the Bruins, the Islanders, and the Flyers. At last, the NHL could say their players were in mid-season form with familiar teammates when they met the vaunted Soviet hockey machine. Although meeting of hockey’s powerhouses had no official name, the media dubbed the games “Super Series ‘76”—a catchy moniker that caught on. The anticipation was tremendous. Only the game in Pittsburgh failed to sell out.
As a prelude, the book tells the history of the Canada-Soviet international hockey rivalry from its shocking start in 1954 to the emotional 1972 Summit Series. This nicely leads to in-depth stories of all eight Super Series ’76 contests, with the highlights being the titanic New Year’s Eve battle in Montreal and the infamous “walkout” game in Philadelphia on January 11.

This book may be purchased at Cold War on Ice - McFarland

Excerpt from Cold War on Ice

On Thursday, January 1, the Buffalo Sabres hosted the Los Angeles Kings at Memorial Auditorium. The Sabres looked dreadful, losing 9-6, in a game where both teams’ defenses went completely out the window. Observing the contest from the stands was a group of VIP guests: the Soviet Wings. They would play the Sabres three days later in a memorable Sunday afternoon clash. Based on what they saw the Sabres do (or not do) against the Kings, the touring team did not think much of their upcoming opponents.
“When our guys watched the Sabres play that night,” admitted Wings coach Boris Kulagin on January 4, “our players thought it was an easy team to beat. They were mistaken.”1
It turned out they were more than just mistaken—they were badly mistaken. The Sabres rolled past the Soviet Wings, 12-6, in a wild game that would have been one of the highest-scoring in NHL history had it been a league game and counted in its statistics. Finally, after four games of Super Series ’76, an NHL team recorded a victory over a Soviet opponent. Furthermore, it was a spectacular one.
There was an international incident before the game started. It was a snub toward Canada. At Buffalo home games, Canadian hockey fans typically comprise a huge chunk of the attendance. The Sabres recognize and value this obvious fact by playing the Canadian national anthem as well as “The Star-Spangled Banner” before their home games regardless of which NHL teams are playing. It has been the case since the team began play in the NHL in the 1970-71 season. However, in accordance with the IIHF’s international hockey protocols, only the anthems of the participating teams could be played. During the opening ceremonies, the fans were apprised by the public-address announcer that “O Canada” would not be played that afternoon. They were a displeased bunch and loudly booed the omission. Typical of the demographics of the NHL in 1976, Buffalo had just one American on its roster, defenseman Lee Fogolin, who was born in Chicago. All the other Sabres were Canadians.
There were obviously many knowledgeable Canadian hockey fans in attendance at the Aud, as usual. When the Wings of the Soviet were introduced individually, the familiar names from the 1972 Canada-Soviet series—particularly Alexander Yakushev—received extended applause.
Emotions were running noticeably high in the Sabres’ antiquated and undersized arena. Even without the anthem controversy, the air was thick with anticipation and passion. “The tension is really building here at the Aud as the teams get ready for the first period,”2 noted play-by-play man Bill Hewitt. A significant snowstorm in the Buffalo area—hardly a rarity in western New York in January—did not keep anyone away from the sold-out arena. Hockey fans were keenly interested in seeing how the high-flying Buffalo Sabres would fare against the Soviet visitors. Beyond the Memorial Auditorium would be an estimated worldwide TV audience of 200 million people. The bulk of the viewership would be in the Soviet Union and Canada, but the game was also being televised in West Germany and Japan.
Buffalo was playing without their captain, Jim Schoenfeld. He was ill. There was a fear that he had contracted mononucleosis, but tests for that disease came back negative. It was a less serious infection. Buffalo general-manager George (Punch) Imlach, who was making a onetime appearance as a color commentator for Hockey Night in Canada, said the Sabres would be without Schoenfeld’s services for about ten days.
Perhaps two of Buffalo’s best players had something extra to prove against the Soviets that Sunday afternoon. Both Gilbert Perreault and Rick Martin had been two of the disgruntled players who opted to leave Team Canada partway through the 1972 Summit Series because they were not getting enough ice time. When the Series was over, they caught hell for their decision from many unsympathetic Canadian hockey fans for not toughing it out.
Prior to the opening faceoff, the organist at Buffalo Memorial Auditorium entertained the capacity crowd with some Russian-themed music: “Somewhere, My Love” from Doctor Zhivago. There was not much love to be had, however, once the puck was dropped by NHL referee Ron Wicks.
Thirty-six seconds into the game there were offsetting penalties to each team for stick fouls, but more critical to Buffalo was the loss of Don Luce. He injured his leg after taking a solid and legal body check from Yuri Liapkin. Luce hobbled off the ice with the assistance of a trainer. He would miss the remainder of the first period, but Luce would be back on the ice for the faceoff to start the second stanza.

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Authors’ information

John G. Robertson is a 60-year-old sports history author who lives in Cambridge, Ontario. He has been researching and writing selected histories of various sports since the age of 19. Published in 2023, Cold War on Ice: The NHL vs. the Soviet Union in Hockey’s Super Series ‘76 is his fourth of five books thus far about hockey history. The other four are Too Many Men on the Ice: The 1978-79 Boston Bruins and the Most Famous Penalty in Hockey History (2018); Hockey’s Wildest Season: The changing of the Guard in the NHL, 1969-1970 (2021); The Bruins in 25 Games (2023); and most recently Five Overtimes: The Habs and the Leafs in the 1951 Stanley Cup Finals (2024). All four were published by McFarland. Other books by Robertson include several scholarly works on both baseball and boxing history.

Carl T. Madden is a 49-year-old longtime sports fan who lives in Welland, Ontario. He used to edit and proofread manuscripts before taking up the writing and research aspects of bringing such stories to life as something to do during the pandemic. The enjoyment discovered in the process has made it a continuous and rewarding venture.
 
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Staniowski

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This should be an interesting read. It's hard to overstate the importance of this series to hockey history. Of the many series between the Soviet club teams and NHL teams through the '70s and '80s, perhaps the three most memorable happenings all came from this series: 1) the famous Kharlamov goal against the Rangers, 2) the unforgettable New Years Eve game in Montreal, which viewers are still talking about almost 50 years later and 3) the wild game in Philadelphia...."they're going home, yeah, they're going home".

It was still the exciting beginnings to the exposure of Canadians and Americans to Soviet hockey, to Tretiak, Kharlamov, Mikhailov, Petrov, and all the rest.
 
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John Robertson

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To answer the question about research sources, newspaper archives were the best. We heavily relied on the Montreal Gazette, New York Times, Boston Globe, Calgary Herald, Toronto Star, and a few others. The New York Times was especially good, having reporters at all eight games and providing many background stories. Sports Illustrated also had a long feature article about the series. Five of the eight Super Series '76 games are available on YouTube. Re-watching them after nearly 50 years was both great for research and a treat for a hockey history buff.
 
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reckoning

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I got the book last year, and it is a good read. Highly recommended.

I found it interesting that the game against the Penguins received so little attention in Pittsburgh. That always seemed like an odd choice for one of the games. Los Angeles would have been a more logical choice: better team in a bigger market that the league wanted to get more exposure in.
 
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John Robertson

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I got the book last year, and it is a good read. Highly recommended.

I found it interesting that the game against the Penguins received so little attention in Pittsburgh. That always seemed like an odd choice for one of the games. Los Angeles would have been a more logical choice: better team in a bigger market that the league wanted to get more exposure in.
Thanks for the compliment! I agree with you about Pittsburgh being a curious choice to host one of the games. While Super Series '76 created huge interest just about everywhere--they could have sold out the Montreal Forum many times over--in Pittsburgh it was decidedly underwhelming. One Pittsburgh daily newspaper gave it no coverage whatsoever--as if it were less than a meaningless preseason game. At the time the Pittsburgh Steelers were in the AFC playoffs and on their way to a Super Bowl title, but the almost total lack of interest in the Penguins-Soviet Wings game still surprised me.
 
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John Robertson

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Los Angeles would have been a more logical choice: better team in a bigger market that the league wanted to get more exposure in.

One other thing: The Kings were good that year, so it likely would have been a more competitive game. Perhaps travel was a factor. The furthest west the Soviets travelled in Super Series '76 was Chicago. The other seven games were all in the Eastern time zone.
 
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Theokritos

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Carl and John, is there anything you have learned over the course of the research for this book that was a major unknown to you before and that particularly surprised you?
 

CTMadden

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Carl and John, is there anything you have learned over the course of the research for this book that was a major unknown to you before and that particularly surprised you?
I was born just a few months prior to this series and had not given it much thought before the research and writing of the book so for me, the entirety of the subject matter was quite the eye opening experience for the sheer dominance of the visitors. i personally really enjoy delving into the history surrounding such things as this and trying to find additional pieces of information that might not have been well known until we bring it to light. John, However was much more aware of this series and will have a considerably different response for you,
 
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John Robertson

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Carl and John, is there anything you have learned over the course of the research for this book that was a major unknown to you before and that particularly surprised you?
A few things come to mind:

I learned quite a bit while researching the 1954-1963 era of Canada-Soviet hockey in which the CAHA used to send senior amateur teams to represent Canada at the IIHF world championships and the Winter Olympic Games. Before beginning this project, I had only a rudimentary knowledge of the Whitby Dunlops, Penticton Vees, Trail Smoke Eaters, etc.

I was also surprised at how impoverished the Soviets teams were. Common things, such as hockey tape, were in short supply. The Buffalo Sabres allowed the Soviet players to help themselves to whatever they needed--and the Soviets basically took their entire supply. There was a good feature story in the New York Times about how Soviet hockey teams basically shopped abroad for helmets, hockey pants, goalie equipment, etc. because those things were simply not available in the Soviet Union.

I had no idea the level of esteem Bobby Or was held in Soviet hockey. Orr was hurt when Central Red Army played the Bruins. (In fact, Orr's career in Boston was done--but nobody knew it yet.) A Boston Globe story told how the Red Army team was given a tour of Boston Garden which included a visit to the Bruins' dressing room. The Red Army players were almost reverent when they got close to Orr's #4 jersey and equipment. They were much like 12-year-old Bruin fans.
 
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Zine

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Thanks for the compliment! I agree. While Super Series '76 created huge interest just about everywhere--they could have sold out the Montreal Forum many times over--in Pittsburgh it was decidedly underwhelming. One Pittsburgh daily newspaper gave it no coverage whatsoever--as if it were less than a meaningless preseason game. At the time the Pittsburgh Steelers were in the AFC playoffs and on their way to a Super Bowl title, but the almost total lack of interest in the Pens-Wings of the Soviet game still surprised me.

Interesting. One would think the Krylia Sovetov-Pittsburgh game wouldve received more press. There was a sizable protest outside the Pittsburgh arena beforehand. According to Vladimir Krikunov (player on KC), protesters made a human chain around the arena in an attempt to prevent players from entering,

Soviet immigrants unhappy with USSR emigration policies were harassing the Soviet teams all series.
 
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John Robertson

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Interesting. One would think the Krylia Sovetov-Pittsburgh game wouldve received more press. There was a sizable protest outside the Pittsburgh arena beforehand. According to Vladimir Krikunov (player on KC), protesters made a human chain around the arena in an attempt to prevent players from entering,

Soviet immigrants unhappy with USSR emigration policies were harassing the Soviet teams all series.
I wish I had come across that anecdote. It is mentioned in the book that the games in New York City and Long Island were maliciously disrupted by fans who, as you said, objected to the Soviet Union's emigration laws. Dangerous objects were thrown onto the ice in both instances.
 
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John Robertson

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Another thing I learned, quite by accident, when doing my research was that the Toronto Maple Leafs had a home game scheduled for the evening of December 31 versus the California Golden Seals. However, with the NHL's permission, they postponed it until the afternoon of January 1. Although the game at Maple Leaf Gardens was sold out, Toronto's ownership figured a great many people would simply pass on watching the Seals-Leafs game in person and stay home to watch the Canadiens play Central Red Army on television. That's how engaged Canadian hockey fans were with this captivating series.
 
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Zine

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I wish I had come across that anecdote. It is mentioned in the book that the games in New York City and Long Island were maliciously disrupted by fans who, as you said, objected to the Soviet Union's emigration laws. Dangerous objects were thrown onto the ice in both instances.

Yes! Krikunov specifically mentioned the NY games as being most disruptive. Great research.

Ironically a few month ago I read one of Vladimir Dvortsov's books, about a quarter of it devoted to the '76 series. He covered the entire series for TASS. Authorities laughably sent only 2 people to cover the series, he and TV/radio guy Ozerov.:laugh:
I likewise look forward to getting your book!
 

PrimumHockeyist

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I was born just a few months prior to this series and had not given it much thought before the research and writing of the book so for me, the entirety of the subject matter was quite the eye opening experience for the sheer dominance of the visitors. i personally really enjoy delving into the history surrounding such things as this and trying to find additional pieces of information that might not have been well known until we bring it to light. John, However was much more aware of this series and will have a considerably different response for you,
There is no doubt that the visitors were better. However, I remember that these games didn't seem to get a lot of juice coverage. I also remember reading, a lot, that the Soviet teams were stacked with stars from other teams. These games were generally not big deals in Canada, as I recall. Only elite contests ie CRA v Habs. Otherwise, my recollection is that they were mostly regarded as meaningless exhibition games by the majority of Canadian fans at that time. I'm sure that had something to do with what 72 taught Canadians. You don't play the Soviets in a serious hockey game without preparing and preparing well.

Not to diminish the series. I think it is very telling, regarding depth of the Soviet league. I think it legitimizes the question of which league was better overall, but this series is really not a useful barometer. Another thing were were conditioned to think, manybe correctly, was the Central Red Army was the only decent team, maybe Dynamo and others. There must be much truth to that, however, when you look at CRAs title versus any truly democratic sporting league.
 

John Robertson

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I don't know where you heard that, but it's quite wrong. Super Series '76 got huge television ratings for all five games that were televised in Canada. The Toronto Maple Leafs postponed their Dec. 31 game by a day because they knew a lot of ticket holders would be watching Montreal-Red Army on television instead of going to Maple Leaf Gardens. The results of the games were often front-page news. Perhaps you are thinking of later tours by Soviet club teams when their novelty had worn off.
 
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PrimumHockeyist

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I don't know where you heard that, but it's quite wrong. Super Series '76 got huge television ratings for all five games that were televised in Canada. The Toronto Maple Leafs postponed their Dec. 31 game by a day because they knew a lot of ticket holders would be watching Montreal-Red Army on television instead of going to Maple Leaf Gardens. The results of the games were often front-page news. Perhaps you are thinking of later tours by Soviet club teams when their novelty had worn off.

Hi John

I presume you are writing to me here.
To you final question, you are right on that. I had been thinking of the entire series of exhibitions, not just 76. In general, I remember the big games as big deals, usually or always, but the majority seemed very pedestrian. It wasn't what I 'heard' it was what I went through.

That said, as I noted, I have thought this competition in general was very historically important. To me, it legitimized the question of which league was better top to bottom. I had mentioned that the results are fuzzy to me to judge that, since I recall hearing that the more ordinary Soviet clubs were padded with players from other teams. Whether this is true or just rumour I no longer remember. The NHL's home team advantage was anything but fuzzy.

So, my question directly to you as the co-author of this book - and congratulations, by the way:

Did this project have you concluding that the NHL was better than the Soviet League?

Any other hard conclusions you wish to share?
 

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