Mr. McNall's theory of marketing seemed to be this: pay a shocking price, create excitement, then ride the expansion.
In 1974, he paid $420,000 -- four times the previous record -- for the rarest of coins, an Athena decadrachm from the fifth century B.C. In hockey, after he bought the Kings for $15 million, he agreed to pay that much over 10 years to pry Wayne Gretzky from the Edmonton Oilers. In similar fashion, Mr. McNall and Mr. Gretzky, along with the comic actor John Candy, bought the Argonauts of the Canadian Football League in 1991 for $5 million, then signed Raghib (Rocket) Ismail of Notre Dame to a four-year $14 million contract.
After Mr. McNall's purchase, the Kings played to sellouts, film stars paraded at the games and sales of Kings' merchandise soared. Mr. McNall then persuaded Michael D. Eisner, Disney's chairman, to start an expansion team in nearby Anaheim in 1993. Mr. McNall got $25 million from Disney for accepting a team in his home territory.
But people familiar with Mr. McNall's finances said the Kings never made money during his ownership, largely because the team had to make high payments to play its home games in the Great Western Forum, which is owned by the owner of the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team, Jerry Buss.
In May, the Argonauts were sold to a unit of the Canadian brewer, John Labatt Ltd., for undisclosed terms. Since 1993 Mr. Ismail has played for the Los Angeles Raiders of the National Football League.
In the coin world, some people said Mr. McNall created artificially high values for ancient coins by introducing investors like Mr. Hunt to a market dominated by collectors. When the market fell in the late 1980's, Mr. McNall turned to Merrill Lynch.
Three limited partnerships raised $7.2 million, $25.1 million and $16.1 million, in 1986, 1989 and 1990, respectively. But conditions made it difficult to achieve the profits that Mr. McNall had forecast, forcing the first two funds to liquidate before schedule, a former executive in Numismatic Fine Arts International, Mr. McNall's coin company, said.
Though the funds lost money, Mr. McNall made some. For instance, one fund lost $9.5 million in 1993 but paid Mr. McNall's companies nearly $130,000 to manage and sell coins.
Still, by mid-1993, employees say, the coin company had problems. In December, the Bank of America told Mr. McNall that he had defaulted on a $90 million loan, collateralized by the Kings, and threatened to force the team into bankruptcy if he failed to sell it by the end of the month, bankruptcy records show.
Another Bank of America client, the Sony Corporation, offered to buy the Kings, but Mr. McNall held out for better terms and found them from Jeffrey Sudikoff and Joseph Cohen, executives at the IDB Communications Group Inc., a telecommunications company sold last month to LDDS Communications.
The deal did not close until the first week of May, when the Bank of America agreed to finance $50 million of the $60 million purchase price for a 72 percent stake.
It is unclear why the bank did not force Mr. McNall to sell his entire stake and step down as team president. Court documents show that the bank took the $60 million in proceeds and a separate $12.5 million note from Disney, half its payment for expanding into Anaheim with the Mighty Ducks. The bank also insisted on a 10 percent stake in the new company formed to build an arena.
The bank agreed to release Mr. McNall from its remaining $30 million claim, so the collateral -- Mr. McNall's 28 percent interest in the Kings and a smattering of his other companies that are insolvent -- could pay other creditors.
Mr. McNall's empire was fast coming unglued. The Federal grand jury had subpoenaed his business records and those of his associates. His movie company, Gladden Entertainment, creator of "Mr. Mom" and "The Fabulous Baker Boys," was forced into bankruptcy in April by debt. About two weeks after the Kings were sold, three of Mr. McNall's banks, Credit Lyonnais, IBJ Schroder and European American Bank, filed a petition for involuntary bankruptcy, a case that has since been converted into a Chapter 11 reorganization.