Unironically, through smart picks and trades is how it usually goes. Let’s look at the top 10 offenses in the league, and how they got their top 3 producers:
Washington:
Free agent
Late 1st
3rd round
Tampa
2nd round
3rd round
Trade
Carolina
Mid 1st round
2nd round
Trade
Winnipeg
Mid 1st
Top ten pick
Mid 1st
Florida
Trade
Trade
2nd overall
Columbus (who knew)
Top 10 pick
2nd round
Free agent
Vancouver
Top 10 pick
Top 10 pick
Trade
Dallas
Free agent
Free agent
Trade
So 5 of the examples from the best teams came from top 10 picks with only 2 of the teams being led by theirs (ironically both defenseman). Only 2 examples of a top 5 pick. A good offensive team is statistically much more likely to find their top offensive guys through trades and free agency or steals in the draft.
Doesn't seem all that surprising. After all, team turnover is common in the league and cores can be in a state of flux. And yes, trades and good drafting are a great way to supplement a core once you get those foundation pieces to get to the finish line.
But if I go through that list of teams:
Washington: Ovechkin and Carlsson are those two foundation long term pieces. Both first-round draft picks. You can go one for one there, but Ovechkin is right there in that top 3 w/o injuries.
Tampa: I can concede this, but tbf Stamkos in his prime wasn't a slouch either. Hedman isn't in that top 3 either, but he is still the foundation for their defense.
Carolina: Again there is a case here as well, but Svechnikov and Jaris are 4 and 5 and are both high first rounders.
Winnipeg: Scheifle, Ehlers, Connor, Morrisey are the foundation imo: 3 high first rounders, 1 mid-first rounder.
Florida: Again you can make the case, but the foundation was there with Ekblad and Barkov and Huberdeau (which turned into Tkachuk).
Columbus: Werenski leads the back end, and Fantilli/Johnson are the future stars up front. All high picks. Monahan and Marchenko are important too, but again they are pieces that are going to supplement that core if they are successful. Sillinger as well.
Vancouver: Pettersson/Miller is the foundation at fwd and Hughes is the foundation at defense. Miller was brought in once it looked like Vancouver was ready to contend.
Dallas: Kind of a mishmash; yes they have Miro, but I agree a lot of the foundation building came from moves other than high drafting.
I think what you are demonstrating is that teams that are looking to contend or ready to do so will use other tools besides drafting to get the extra pieces to get over the top, and I don't disagree with that. But Calgary still needs that foundation piece or two, especially up front. We just (probably) do not have #1C or guaranteed first line blue chip forward in the ranks right now. Some great pieces, but not a bonafide star in the making.
I think you could argue that Tampa, Dallas, and Carolina did it differently from the others, but I think your model underscores the importance of getting those key pieces through the draft first.