The ratio skews things but doesn’t it look worse for forwards? If there are more forward spots open, then they should hit at higher rates, not lower, should they not?
There's only sixty-four goalie slots in the NHL, barring injury, and a ton of them are already filled, barring the occasional injury. Conversely, there's a lot more forward and defense spots. I don't claim to be good at math (I failed high school calculus and middle school geometry, if anyone's curious. No? Then let's move on.), but that automatically skews the ratio. Of course, you'll see more busts drafted from forwards and defense - you will rarely see a goalie go above the second round, so that's thirty-two slots in the first round where a bust is possible that isn't usually a goaltender.
Add in the fact that goalies are only drafted occasionally by some teams (the vast majority of the goalies in all of the junior leagues around the world will never make it to the NHL) compared to skaters (most teams will only take two goalies at the absolute maximum in a draft, while skaters comprise the vast majority), and that skews the ratio further toward skaters not hitting rather than seeing that goalies are just not valued commodities.
To sum it up, because teams draft mostly forward and defense throughout the draft rather than goaltender, the ratio is skewed. So, let's look at goalies drafted in the first two rounds, starting from 2019 (five years from this year where there's time to establish one's self in the NHL and going back ten years:
Spencer Knight (2019, Florida, first)
Pyotr Kochetkov (2019, Carolina, second)
Mads Søgaard (2019, Ottawa, second)
Hunter Jones (2019, Minnesota, second)
Olof Lindbohm (2018, New York Rangers, second)
Olivier Rodrigue (2018, Edmonton, second)
Jake Oettinger (2017, Dallas, first)
Ukko-Pekka Luukkonen (2017, Buffalo, second)
Carter Hart (2016, Philadelphia, second)
Tyler Parsons (2016, Calgary, second)
Filip Gustavsson (2016, Pittsburgh, second)
Evan Fitzpatrick (2016, St. Louis, second)
Ilya Samsonov (2015, Washington, first)
Mackenzie Blackwood (2015, New Jersey, second)
Mason McDonald (2014, Calgary, second)
Thatcher Demko (2014, Vancouver, second)
Alex Nedeljkovic (2014, Carolina, second)
Vitek Vanecek (2014, Washington, second)
Brandon Halverson (2014, New York Rangers, second)
Zachary Fucale (2013, Montreal, second)
Tristan Jarry (2013, Pittsburgh, second)
Philippe Desrosiers (2013, Dallas, second)
Eric Comrie (2013, Winnepeg, second)
Andrei Vasilevskiy (2012, Tampa Bay, first)
Malcolm Subban (2012, Boston, first)
Oskar Dansk (2012, Columbus, second)
Anthony Stolarz (2012, Philadelphia, second)
Magnus Hellberg (2011, Nashville, second)
John Gibson (2011, Anaheim, second)
Christopher Gibson (2011, Los Angeles, second)
Jack Campbell (2010, Dallas, first)
Mark Visentin (2010, Arizona, first)
Calvin Pickard (2010, Colorado, second)
Kent Simpson (2010, Chicago, second)
Mikko Koskinen (2009, New York Islanders, second)
Robin Lehner (2009, Ottawa, second)
All right. Long list, but here we go. A lot of those names only played for a cup of coffee in the NHL. Subtract Parsons, Fucale, Fitzpatrick, Rodrigue, Lindbohm, Halverson, C. Gibson, Visentin, Simpson, Koskinen, Desroisers, Comrie, Dansk, Jones, McDonald, Subban, Hellberg, Stolarz, Kochetkov, and Søgaard, who either have/had barely played or didn't make it at all. Then subtract goalies like Vanecek, Nedeljkovic, Blackwood, Jarry, J. Gibson, Campbell, Pickard, Knight, and Hart that were either flashes in the pan or played a lot behind bad teams or were/are career backups (backup goalies, mind you, being what Zherenko
could be
What are you left with? Not a lot compared to what was there before (although first round goalies
seem to hit at a rate higher than first round skaters, it's because there's less compared to skaters): Oettinger, Vasilevskiy, Lehner, Demko, Luuokkonen, Gustavsson, Samsonov. Seven starters out of thirty-six drafted goalies in the first two rounds from 2009 to 2019. The fact that goalies hit at a higher rate is not because it is a better option to take goaltenders with the top two round picks, but because the elite ones tend to go at an earlier rate. If I added in the list of goalies drafted after the first two rounds, much like if you added in the skaters (and please don't do the skaters or make me do the skaters, it was hard enough for me to comb through the list of goalies), the ratio would be even more skewed.
Goalies are absolutely a crapshoot when it comes to getting an elite one; you have to wait a long time to see a payoff, and it's not often when they are young. Sometimes, you go through an entire draft not getting a single good one, even when a lot are picked. Even with skaters, you will usually find an impact player in a draft, even if it's at the very top, even if it's only the first overall pick or a top five pick. Not so much with goalies.
There are a lot more skaters than goalies in the NHL, but also a lot more skaters are drafted. The last draft the were 224 picks (32x7) and 24 goalies taken. So it is roughly 1 goalie for every 8.33 skaters. The NHL has 22 man rosters and 2 of those are goalies. So it is roughly 1 goalie for every 10 skaters. So the "success" ratio is less, but not by a ton based on the past draft.
I'd also argue that more skaters flame out without earning an NHL contract than goalies. Unless goalies just don't come over, they generally will make it to the AHL, or at least the ECHL level. Zherenko may never be a consistent NHLer (I think he will), but he has an NHL contract, plays in the AHL (arguably the 2nd or 3rd best league in the world). The forward taken right before him has never signed an NHL, AHL, ECHL, KHL, SEL, or Liiga contract. He is in the NL in Switzerland which is a 6th best league at best. How valuable was he?
Again, goalies are such a crapshoot and take so long to develop that I don't think that they should be anywhere near a top ten list. Look at Spencer Knight. Drafted in the top fifteen in 2019, and Bobrovsky outplayed him by far. The fact that skaters bust at a high rate is because, like you said, more of them are drafted. That's not to put goalies on a high pedestal. It's simply to say that there's more good skater prospects than good goalie prospects.
Fate, I'm f***ing tired and sleepy from doing all of this research.